Sir Isaac Newton is widely considered one of the smartest humans to ever live. He formulated the laws of motion and discovered gravity. Yet, in 1720, this unparalleled genius lost his entire fortune in the stock market. His story is the ultimate proof that financial success has little to do with IQ and everything to do with evolutionary biology.
The Gravity of the Crash
Newton was an early investor in the South Sea Company. Initially, he acted rationally: he bought low, saw the price rise, and sold for a handsome profit. But then, the psychological trap snapped shut.
As the "South Sea Bubble" inflated, Newton watched his friends—people with far less intellect than him—hold onto their shares and become fabulously wealthy overnight. Overcome by what we now call FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out), Newton abandoned his logic. He re-entered the market at its absolute peak, investing nearly everything he had. Shortly after, the bubble burst. Newton lost approximately £20,000—roughly $4 to $5 million in today’s money.
Devastated, he famously declared: "I can calculate the motions of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people."
Why Our Brains Are Bad at Trading
Why couldn't a genius navigate a simple trade? The answer lies in Behavioral Finance. Our brains didn't evolve for the stock market; they evolved for survival on the African savanna.
Herd Mentality: For our ancestors, being separated from the tribe meant death. If everyone started running, you ran too—you didn't stop to ask why. In the stock market, this survival instinct triggers panic selling or euphoric buying. We are hard-wired to follow the herd, even when the herd is running off a cliff.
Loss Aversion: Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman proved that the pain of losing money is psychologically twice as intense as the pleasure of gaining it. This is why investors often sell winning stocks too early (to secure the pleasure) but hold onto losing stocks for too long (to avoid the pain of realizing the loss).
The Bottom Line
The stock market is not a math problem to be solved; it is a mass psychology test to be endured. Charts and balance sheets are rational, but the people trading them are emotional. As Newton learned the hard way, to win in finance, you don't need to be a genius. You just need to control the primitive parts of your brain that are screaming at you to follow the crowd.
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